Violence against Chinese laborers was a part of the daily lives of migrants who had come to the United States as early as 1849 for the Gold Rush. But as labor disputes intensified with each strike, things came to ahead on the morning of September 2, 1885 when a fight broke out between white and Chinese miners. Even though a foreman broke up the fight, the white miners organized and later gathered a mob, that included women and children, to kill, loot, and burn in  Rock Springs’ Chinatown. This lesson covers the massacre and the structural failures of government leading up to it, and the aftermath.